Neutralization
A neutralization reaction is the reaction that occurs when a base and an acid are combined equally. A neutralization reaction generally creates salt and water but there are some special cases where you get something a bit different such as:
Acid + metal ( base) --> salt + hydrogen gas
Acid + carbonate --> salt +water + carbon dioxide
Acid + carbonate --> salt +water + carbon dioxide
So let's say you were combining hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide for a neutralization reaction. This would be your equation:
HCL + NaOH --> NaCl + H2O
HCl is your acid, NaOH is your base, NaCl (sodium hydroxide) is your salt, and H2O is water
HCL + NaOH --> NaCl + H2O
HCl is your acid, NaOH is your base, NaCl (sodium hydroxide) is your salt, and H2O is water
The water is created by combining the H+ ions with the OH- ions. The salt is created by combining the other elements from the reactants. We know that water is neutral but now we also know that the salt in neutral because it was created in in neutralization reaction.
Titration
What is a Titration?
A titration is a lab technique that uses a substance of a known molarity to find the molarity of an unknown substance though a neutralization reaction.
Equipment list
So if you want to do a titration here is the list of equipment that you'll need.
A titration is a lab technique that uses a substance of a known molarity to find the molarity of an unknown substance though a neutralization reaction.
Equipment list
So if you want to do a titration here is the list of equipment that you'll need.
- Goggles
- Clam stand
- 2 100ml Beakers
- Conical Flask
- Volume metric pipette
- Burrette
- 1 Molar Hydrochloric Acid
- Sodium hydroxide of an unknown molarity
Procedure
- Collect materials and put on goggles, tie hair back, and secure any loose articles of clothing
- Pour about 50cc of HCl and NaOH into separate 100cc beakers and label them accordingly
- Wash burette first with water and then with the Hydrochloric Acid by filling the burette up half way and slowly pouring the acid into the sink while slowly spinning the burette.
- Wash the pipette with NaOH by filling the pipette with roughly 10 cc of the base, turning it upside-down to coat the inside and then emptying it into the sink.
- Set burette in clamp stand and fill with about 40 cc of HCL and record where the meniscus sits as your starting value
- Fill the pipette with 10 cc3 of base and place it in the flask
- Add 3 drops of phenophaline to the flask. This will make the base turn a pink color
- Place the flask under the burette and do a rough titration by adding acid from the burette while you swirl the flask until the liquid in the flask is clear then turn off the burette to the flask
- Look at the bottom of the meniscus and record that number as the ending value for the acid
- Subtract the starting value of the acid from the ending value to determine how mush acid was used
- Wash out your flask with water
- Repeat steps 6-11 but instead of doing a rough titration begin your real titrations by stopping the burette after 2 cc less than the amount you used and having it drip into the flask slowly while swirling the flask
- Stop the acid as soon as the solution begins to turn clear
- Record results, clean the flask, add acid to the burrette is needed, and repeat the titration as many times as time allows
- Clean up and put away all materials.
Calculating Results
To calculate results and find the molarity of the unknown substance we use the formula below:
To calculate results and find the molarity of the unknown substance we use the formula below:
M1V1 = M2V2
Where M stands for Molarity and V stands for Volume
Where M stands for Molarity and V stands for Volume
To input those values you first have to find the average amount of acid you used in the titration. When calculating this average you do not use the results from the rough titration. For this example lets assume the average acid used was 10cc.
We know that in this titration we used 10 cc of a base with an unknown molarity and 10 cc of 1M acid. You can now put in these numbers:
We know that in this titration we used 10 cc of a base with an unknown molarity and 10 cc of 1M acid. You can now put in these numbers:
(10cc)(1M) = M2(10cc)
You can then divide both sides by 10cc to isolate M2 which gets you to
1M = M2
Congrats! You got it!
You can then divide both sides by 10cc to isolate M2 which gets you to
1M = M2
Congrats! You got it!